Wednesday, August 26, 2020

Olaudah Equiano a Narrator of Persuasion Free Essays

In The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, Olaudah Equiano dexterously speaks to the equivalent capacities of honorability and insight from the African individuals constrained into servitude. While his composing is soaks with a high insight and sincerity, there is likewise a waiting feeling of retaining that approaches to the cutting edge peruser. Between the hour of Equiano’s tribulations and the time he wrote his story, it was not the conviction of most of Americans and Europeans that such bondage wasn't right or evilâ€obvious by its long-standing practice. We will compose a custom exposition test on Olaudah Equiano: a Narrator of Persuasion or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now While our general public today is considerably more conscious of the specific repulsions that happened during the time of subjugation, the individuals of this time were not all that illuminated or understanding. This story was fragile so as to cause the perusers to acknowledge the inevitable requirement for liberation of slaves. While his topic is a fundamental base to his contention of correspondence for slaves, the genuine methods for influence originate from his tone and comprehension of how precisely to address the white readership at the hour of distribution. His account is carefully thoughtful in the execution of such a story during such a period. Equiano controls little portions of his difficulties, tempered with his helped, separated review, just as his accounted partiality to the benevolent barely any he met all through his excursions. By this orderly way of portrayal, this piece works more earnestly at being an enticing work instead of a dull recorded record. The main interesting point when perusing this story is the tranquility that continually wins in Equiano’s tone. He keeps a somewhat created disposition according to the turbulent occasions he depicts. For instance, when he clarifies the procedure of the purchasing market, he composes: â€Å"On a sign given (as the beat of a drum), the purchasers surge without a moment's delay into the yard where the slaves are kept, and settle on decision of the package they like best. † (1231). Rather than giving in totally with the enthusiastic charge such a scene would create, he expels himself to proceed with an unruffled tone. He puts things in place with this sentence before further building up the revulsions so as to slip the peruser into it. The utilization of the word â€Å"parcel† inside this similarity puts him a good ways off from the circumstance which further empowers a more settled tone. Calmâ€yet the correlation of the captives to â€Å"parcels† is as yet grasping by its decrease of individuals to simple thought of a bundle or thing in any case. By extricating himself and clarifying from an expelled perspective, he can relate the occasions in a simpler way for the illumination of the peruser. As he proceeds with the clarification of the purchasers showcase, he renders a practically clinical tone so as to stifle a very passionate or furious retelling. He later states, â€Å"In this way, without second thought, are relations and companions isolated, the vast majority of them never to see each other again. † (1231). For such an alarming thing, he stays short and direct. Equiano doesn't over enjoy depicting these occasions he encountered, yet conveys them in a parity of levelheadedness for the tangibility of the peruser. While his tone empowers the peruser to take in his story without being overpowered with the cruelty of his story, he additionally persistently addresses the peruser by and by, which saturates a more profound association among writer and peruser. Equiano spends an arrangement transferring foundation data with regards to his very own underlying foundations and legacy so as to give a further feeling of himself to the peruser. Following doing as such, he states, â€Å"I trust the peruser won't think I have intruded on his understanding in acquainting myself with him, with some record of the habits and customs of my nation. † (1222). He takes extraordinary consideration in charming himself to the peruser so as to improve their gathering of him, particularly as he is in the fragile situation of being a portrayal of the slave populace too. In his endeavors of influence, his picture is absolutely critical to his motivation, along these lines such assertions are useful. Inside such little explanations he conveys and demeanor of sympathy and reliability towards the peruser. He later tends to the peruser by and by when he at long last gets the record communicating his opportunity: â€Å"As the type of my manumission has something impossible to miss in it, and communicates the supreme force and domain one man asserts over his individual, I will ask leave to introduce it before my perusers at full length. † (1238). Here he shows the peruser how truly he wishes them to realize all that he needs to share. This immediate vernacular towards the perusers welcomes them to be a member of his account by effectively thinking about their considerations and sentiments. Equiano is extremely shrewd in making these solicitations to the peruser in light of the fact that it encourages a sentiment of association with the material and a connection to the creator. The more he prevails with regards to bracing the bond among writer and peruser, the more he prevails in at last convincing them to perceive how significant it is that others such as himself be liberated from such agonizing occasions. The most astute activity Equiano utilizes in his account is his told avoidance. As he spreads out the repulsions he endured during his entry across seas†odor, disorder, starvation, misuse, deathsâ€the vision turns out to be unnerving and discouraging. Today, it is realized that these occasions are just shallow to the genuine degree of the abhorrences on these slave ships, yet such issues were awfully fragile to distribute at that point, and numerous individuals would in all likelihood have dismissed such a story as a deception. Equiano composes, â€Å"In this way we kept on experiencing a larger number of difficulties than I would now be able to relate, difficulties which are indivisible from this damned exchange. † (1230). While it appears to be a basic proclamation, it takes a shot at the psyches of the perusers in a manner that is satisfying to Equiano’s objective. He forgets about the more noteworthy difficulties, indeed, however he tells the peruser that he did, and cautions them that they were at last more regrettable than they could deal with. Much like in a film when a scene cuts from something outraging, the suggestion is sufficient to mix the watcher. Equiano utilizes this equivalent gadget in his story. In the wake of telling in detail the more shallow detestations, he conveys a picture to the peruser that is sufficient to balance them without dismissing them, however they despite everything don't completely comprehend now. Suggesting there is unmistakably more ingrains an awkward bothering inside the peruser with regards to what precisely Equiano is forgetting about. Equiano likewise soothes the peruser by including white people of brave character that he experienced. The component of race is obviously solid inside such a content. Here, a liberated African is tending to a huge white readership about his battles against his white oppressorsâ€nothing shy of touchy. By indicating his absence of predisposition towards race, however gratefulness for character, he builds up a feeling of lack of bias that is welcoming for the perusers. The reader’s first experience with an exceptionally upstanding white character is Richard Baker. In Equiano’s portrayal of him, he composes, â€Å"He was a local of America, had gotten brilliant instruction, and was the most obliging temper. † (1233). These are for the most part attributes that numerous perusers would maybe use in their own depictions in all probability, making him a relatable figure. His dynamic changes when Equiano later portrays their relationship: â€Å"Soon after I got onto, he indicated me a lot of inclination and consideration, and consequently I became incredibly partial to him. We finally got indivisible; and, for the space of two years, he was of extremely extraordinary use to me, and was my consistent partner. † The relationship of these two men was of inaccessible thankfulness, yet he says they were partners. He depicts to the peruser a legit, commonly compensating fellowship between a white man and a dark man. This was not actually an ordinary companionship of the time, and he goes to depict their communications with each other, among instruction, and the preliminaries they looked on board the boat where they would stick to one another when in dread. Richard Baker isn't depicted as one who raised himself above Equiano, however rewarded him like an equivalent. His portrayal is one to be respected by perusers. When Richard kicks the bucket, he proceeds with his depiction of him while relating the trouble of his misfortune: â€Å". . . I lost on the double a caring translator, a pleasing buddy, and a steadfast companion; who, at fifteen years old, found a brain better than partiality; and who was not afraid to see, to connect with, and to be the companion and educator of . . . a slave! † (1233). In this announcement, he shows the peruser a tie between his tendency and his ethics; he was a respectable individual who didn't acknowledge putting down or isolating blacks into a class outside his own humankind. Richard Baker is a significant character to the goal of Equiano in light of the fact that he fills in as a layout for the perusers to yearn for. Another significant white character is Robert King, the person who permits Equiano to at long last buy his opportunity. With Robert, it isn't as much his character that is the center, yet his exceptionally crucial activity which draws deference. When Equiano at long last presents to Robert the forty pounds authentic for his opportunity, he composes â€Å"My ace at that point said he would not be more terrible than his guarantee; and, taking the cash, advised me to go to the Secretary at the Register Office, and get my manumission drawn up. These expressions of my lord resembled a voice from paradise to me. † (1237). This is an entirely irreplaceable piece of Equiano’s story since it is the very zenith on which his battling as one who is claimed is toppled.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

A Review of Multmodal Learning Styles Essay

Cara making, outllnes ana courses of events made, ana In tne cnolce 0T pnyslcal condition utilized for study. A read-compose student ingests data through composed structures: records, understanding writings or gifts, itemized note taking, power focuses, and extra assets like paper or online articles about the subject. Understudy A likewise utilizes a portion of the systems of this style with the extra research on the theme, various editing of composed substance, and perusing of every single allocated content or freebees. Survey of the learning systems of both the read-compose and the inesthetic learning styles shows supportive procedures not as of now utilized by Student A. This understudy can likewise profit by joining a few taking in methodologies from each style. The sensation system of relating the data to their own background and discovering genuine models would help Student A to hold and review data as it is joined to genuine references the understudy has just disguised. Utilizing the read-compose methodologies of modifying data a few times and transforming the substance of a chart or outline into a composed rundown would help Student An explain and hold nderstanding of that content. Utilizing the VARK Learning Style Assessment is a useful apparatus for any student. It gives supportive data that permits the understudy bits of knowledge into how they learn and offers methodologies to benefit as much as possible from that learning style and dodge the issues that can be related with that style. It is additionally extremely accommodating for an understudy to comprehend that there are other learning styles and know about the focal point of those learning styles. This guides in deciphering data given in another style in to the student’s style for ideal learning and furthermore helps the tudent make an interpretation of their style to oblige the learning style of another when instructing data. References Deep and Surface Approaches to Learning. n. d. ). Recovered from http://trade. air conditioning. uk/learning-and-educating hypothesis control/profound and-surface-approaches-learning. html Fleming, N. D. , ; Mills, C. (1992). Not Another Inventory, Rather a Catalyst for Reflection. To Improve the Academy, 1 10, 137. Fleming, N. D. (2011). VARK: A Review of Those Who Are Multimodal. Recovered from http://www. vark-learn. com/english/page_content/multimodality. htm

Wednesday, August 12, 2020

Corporate Tax Basics

Corporate Tax Basics Many people throughout history have uttered the saying ‘Nothing is certain but death and taxes’, with the first recorded attribution often given to Daniel Defoe. This fatalistic idiom is quite good in highlighting the inevitability of taxes and how it is crucial individuals and businesses know as much as possible about specific tax codes to secure their finances.For businesses, one of the most important taxes to understand is the corporate tax. This guide will help you understand the basics of corporate tax, as well as explain a bit about how the tax is imposed in different countries. © Shutterstock.com | Creativa ImagesIn this article, you will learn 1) what corporate tax is, 2) what is taxed under corporate tax, 3) whether there are tax deductions available for corporations, 4) filing tax returns, and 5) corporate tax in different countries.WHAT IS CORPORATE TAX?Corporate tax is a country specific tax, often known as either corporation tax or company tax. It is a levy placed on the income of the firm, with different rates often in place for different levels of income.You’ll often see a corporate tax imposed on the income or the capital of the corporation. This could, for example, be the profit the company makes after operating costs.As mentioned above, each country often sets its own corporate tax rates and the tax is generally imposed on corporations that do business in the country. The rates across the world can vary greatly.The definition of a corporationIn order to understand corporate tax, you’ll also need to understand the definition of corporation. I n general, corporation is a legal entity, which is separate from the owners. Corporations have rights and responsibilities, just like an individual does.Some of these rights and responsibilities include the right to create contracts, to borrow as well as loan money, to hire employees, to own assets and the legal right to be sued and to sue. Among these responsibilities is the necessity to pay tax.Corporations are set up by individuals and there are different types of corporations. While a corporation isn’t required to be a for-profit corporation, most corporations are set up with the aim of creating profit and returns for shareholders. The history of corporate tax developmentThe history of taxation is almost as old as the human society. Ancient civilisations used the basic principles of taxation thousands of years ago. In fact, the earliest known tax records date to six thousand years B.C., to the region of the modern day Iraq.Different societies used their own tax policies and di fferent systems began developing. Taxation also ended up causing trouble between different factions and later nations.When it comes to corporations, the income was typically taxed similar to income tax of individuals. People simply paid taxes on the money they made and businesses often had to pay tax on goods.As businesses and the law and regulations around them became more sophisticated, the focus on fine-tuning the way corporate income is taxed became a bigger issue. While each country has different corporate tax basics, many have used the similar model honed in the US and the UK.The US was known for its limited taxation, with the first federal income tax being enacted in 1861. After a long debate and changes in legislation, the Congress enacted an excise tax on corporations in 1909. The corporate tax, along with the rates, has been evolving ever since.In the UK, corporations were subject to income tax on the profits, similarly to individuals. It wasn’t until 1965 that the gover nment created the current Corporation Tax, which helped clarify how corporations pay tax and on what profits.WHAT IS TAXED UNDER CORPORATE TAX?Corporate tax is typically mainly imposed on income, but it is possible to tax other assets the corporation has in its use. In many instances, taxes are also imposed on property, as well as the existence of other similar assets and the equity structure of the corporation.What falls under the tax depends on local legislation and some differences may arise depending on the type of corporation in question.The following is a set of the most common parts of corporate tax.Corporate incomeAs said previously, income is the main proponent of corporate tax. Income is taxed at varying rates across the world, with the rate always being different to individual income tax. You can find some of the corporate income tax rates further down in the guide.In most countries, the corporate income is defined as all gross income. This means taking the sales of servi ce and goods and deducting the cost of production as well as any income that might be tax exempt under the law. The remaining amount is then taxed according to the tax rate.In a multinational world, corporations can have income coming in from different countries. How countries tackle this worldwide income is different for each country.In most instances, resident corporations, i.e. corporations that have their main residency in a specific country, are taxed on the worldwide income. A corporation that is non-resident will only have to pay corporate tax on the income they make in the country of operation. Again, there are country differences to this rule.DividendsCorporations typically end up paying part of their income and earnings back to shareholders. This distribution of earnings is known as paying dividends. Dividends are also taxable income, although they typically attract a lower rate for corporate income tax.It is important to note that dividends are not only paid to individual s, but can also be provided to corporations. Therefore, the dividends a corporation receive will be subject to tax.Other distribution of wealthCorporations might also distribute some of their wealth through other means. These could include different provisions of assets or the transfer of equity or capital to new assets on behalf of the person. These are typically taxed under other unique tax rules.Transfer pricingAlthough transfer pricing is not directly related to corporate tax, it has an effect on what amount the corporations might end up paying. Transfer pricing refers to the prices the corporations apply for the goods, services or the use of property.Therefore, it can relate to the total income the company makes both in domestic and international level. The tax authorities often set guidelines on transfer pricing to ensure the tax authorities are aware of changes companies might make.Other alternative tax basesSometimes countries also impose alternative tax computations on corp orations. These taxes are typically involved with the assets, capital payments and wages. These will have an alternative tax rate and function, depending on the country.Foreign branchesAs mentioned briefly above, corporations can be taxed on both the income they make in a specific country or based on global income. In most instances, domestic corporations are taxed differently to foreign corporations.While there isn’t any international law that would limit a country’s ability to tax residents, whether individuals or entities, there can be other limitations. In most cases, international and country specific treaties bring these about.Treaties are typically designed to do two functions. First, they protect a country’s right to tax a company doing business within its borders. Second, they protect a corporation from having to pay tax on their income twice, both in their original country as well the country where they do business.How corporations are taxed depends greatly on their setup. Branches and sister companies might be treated differently to foreign companies and so on.ARE THERE TAX DEDUCTIONS AVAILABLE FOR CORPORATIONS?Just like individuals are able to deduct certain payments from their income tax expenses, corporations also have tax deductions available for them. These vary from country to country, but most countries do offer some types of tax deductions.The tax deductions available for corporations often fall under three separate categories: tax exemptions, interest deductions and losses.Tax exemptionsTax exemptions are always non-taxable and won’t need to be claimed back, as they are removed from the income tax calculation at the point of filing.When it comes to corporate tax exemption, income and costs generated by certain transactions are often non-taxable. For instance, the formation of a corporation will in many countries be tax-exempt event. Furthermore, acquisitions and re-organisation of a business is typically a tax-exempt event.Interest deductionsCorporations might also be able to deduct certain interest payments from the tax. For example, corporations are generally able to deduct interest expenses generated by trading activities. Certain bank loans might also provide the option for interest payment deductions.There are often country-specific limits on interest deductions. Certain interest payments might be, for example, deductible if made to shareholders, while be subject to tax if paid to the corporation itself.LossesWhen a corporation makes a loss, many jurisdictions allow them to deduct part or all of these losses. This is unique to corporations, as individuals aren’t able to deduct losses from taxation.Losses available for deduction are also involved with machinery, equipment and other such corporate assets. In most instances, corporations aren’t able to deduct losses against a previous year’s income. Many countries also have strict time limitations as to when losses can be deducted.FILING TAX RETURNSMos t countries use a similar system for collecting taxes. The system requires individuals and corporations to file their tax returns and make the payments according to the rules set by the tax authorities.Typical filing systemsMost often, the system requires corporations to file an annual corporate tax return. There are two different ways the return might be filed:Through a self-assessment method, where the corporation sends its own tax assessment to the tax authorities.By returning the tax administration pre-filed form, where the authority has calculated the tax based on some pre-filed information and the corporation has to make sure the information is correct.In many systems, the tax returns must be somehow certified. This often means using an authorised accountant and in the case of big corporations, the company’s own auditors.The difficulty of the filing system depends quite a bit on the country’s legislation. Some tax return systems are straightforward, while others can be ext remely complex. The complexity can also depend on the nature of the business.Furthermore, the technological revolution has changed the way corporations, as well as individuals, need to file their taxes. Most countries are slowly moving to technology-based filing, where the majority of the return forms can be filed online.For many countries, the system still operates both electronic and paper return systems. Corporations are often able to choose between the two, although electronic forms are becoming increasingly common.Different taxation periodsCorporate tax is generally paid on an annual basis. Some of the other taxes imposed on corporations can sometimes be paid quarterly or even monthly. The taxation periods depend on the country’s legislation and in some instances on the size of the corporation.Furthermore, it is good to note that tax year is not the same as a calendar year. This said, some countries might apply calendar year as the tax year, but exemptions are more often the case. For example, in the UK the tax year runs from April to April.The taxes are often paid in retrospect and not in advance.Who needs to file?As mentioned above, corporate tax return often requires some sort of official certification. In many instances, this can mean that an account will go through the corporate tax return before sending it to the authorities.The right procedure, as well as the right tax payments, depends on the structure of the corporation as well as the type of corporation in question.CORPORATE TAX IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIESThe guide should have made it clear that the final, detailed structure of corporate tax depends on the specific country in question. As an example of corporate tax and the differences between countries, here is a short introduction to some of the systems in use in the bigger countries.The USCorporations in the US is taxed at the same rate depending on the type of income the corporation makes. But different rates might be applied based on the incom e level of the corporation and the size of the corporation. There are also some federal differences in some states.The US system is quite a complex one and the filing requires several forms, both for the basic tax return as well as any possible exemptions.When it comes to foreign and domestic companies, the US taxes resident corporations based on worldwide income. Non-resident corporations must only pay income tax to the US, based on the income generated in the country.The UKThe UK corporate tax shares many similarities with the US, although there is only one rate used in the UK. Like the US, the UK applies corporate tax on worldwide income for corporations that are based in the UK. If the corporation has a branch in the country, they are only subject to pay tax on the income they generate in the UK.Corporate tax in the UK is calculated on what the company makes from:Doing businessInvestmentsSelling assets for profitChinaChina’s tax system can seem quite different and it’s hard to navigate through as a foreign business. Nonetheless, in its most basic, the corporate tax system treats domestic and foreign companies in a similar manner to the UK and the US.Interestingly in China, the payments are made quarterly and based on estimation payments. Furthermore, the corporation will then file their annual tax return. If they have made excess payments during the year, they can use them to offset the annual instalments.Corporate tax havensIt is all worth to mention that some countries in the world do not impose any corporate tax on any type of income. These so-called ‘tax havens’ often have many multinational companies place their residence in the country in order to avoid or pay lower taxes.Some of the countries with no corporate tax include:BahamasBahrainBermudaCayman IslandsGuernseyIsle of ManCorporate tax rate examples from around the worldFinally, here are some of the current corporate tax rates in different countries around the world. The rates are provide d by KPMG, the international services company specialised in taxation.Argentina35Australia30Brazil34Canada26.5Cayman Islands0China25France33.33Germany29.65Hong Kong SAR16.5India34.61Israel26.5Japan33.06Macau12Malaysia25Mexico30New Zealand28Russia20Saudi Arabia20Turkey20United Kingdom20United States40Although there are some countries that impose no corporate tax, the global average rate falls to around 23.68%. The highest regional average is in North America, with 33.25%, and the lowest in Europe, with 20.24%.CONCLUSIONCorporate tax has evolved over time and in a way has become more complex. The basic principles are generally the same around the world, but the finer details and the ways corporations must file and pay taxes can change a lot from one country to another.International tax treaties have removed some issues over corporate taxation, but different country rates have resulted in companies planning carefully where they set up. Tax planning is important for companies who want t o make sure they aren’t financially worse off and understanding corporate tax basics is an essential tool in making sure a business succeeds.

Saturday, May 23, 2020

Cluniac Monasticism Essay - 1494 Words

Cluniac Monasticism Assess the strengths and weaknesses of Cluniac monasticism between the tenth and twelfth centuries. The nature of Cluny lay in the circumstances of it’s foundation. It was endowed with a measure of independence by it’s founder, Duke William, allowing the monks to elect their own abbot, placing the abbey directly under the guardianship of St Peter and the Apostolic See. As a house dedicated to reviving strict Benedictine observance Cluny was not unique, but it was this indepencence, the succesion of talented abbots and it’s organisation set up by Abbot Berno that laid the foundations of the abbey’s later greatness. The independence granted Cluny in it’s foundation charter was esssential in the development of†¦show more content†¦Charity and almsgiving also formed a regular part of life at Cluny, which again showed the holiness and faithful observence of the monks. It was a combination of the personal authority of the abbots, the benedictine observence of the Cluniacs and the repute and public esteem in which the order was held that resulted in the expansion of the Order. The success of the order in it’s resoration of benedictine observence attracted invitations by lay magnates for the Cluniacs to reform their monastries, and gifts of houses, some new foundations, some old abbeys. Such reform was not always welcomed by the monks of the profered houses, such as the monks of Fleury. Papal paronage, and the will of lay benefactors meant that from the time of Odilo these reformed houses became dependecies of Cluny. This was not always put into effect immediately, and the tightness of the bond varied from house to house. It was the independence granted in the founding charter that allowed the Order to expand this way, and develop independently. Not only was Cluny free from control of any local magnate or bishop, it was also trusted by all due to this autonomy. Cluny attracted gifts from all levels of society and of all sorts, from monstries, churches and lands, to child oblates, gifts of money large and small and goods. It also attracted manyShow MoreRelated Monasticism And Intellectual L Essay example799 Words   |  4 Pageswere made, and in others, there was a major decline. Through all of these times, the people of the middle ages learned what didn’t work, what did, and how to progress once they found what did work. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The true form of monasticism in the western Christian church was founded by Saint Benedict of Nursia. He wrote the famous quot;Benedict’s Rulequot; between 520-530. The fundamentals of the rule was that each day was divided into a series of activities with an emphasis onRead MoreWhat set the Cistercian order apart from other monastic movements in the twelfth century?2234 Words   |  9 Pageschanges that had taken place. This stance was applied to all aspects of life, such as dress, food, buildings and furniture. Cistercian conviction was entirely steadfast. St. Bernard of Clairvaux’s main complaint against Peter the Venerable (and the Cluniacs in a more general sense) was that they simply did not adhere strictly enough to the rule of St. Benedict. Something one could certainly argue was true. The Cistercian statues decreed that the rule of St. Benedict was nothing other than the pure gospelRead MoreThe Medieval Christian History1493 Words    |  6 Pagesa new idea. The history of Christianity was composed of opposing views and many were ready to break out of the norms and build a stronger definition of Christianity. The significance of grassroots reform was to bring changes into the life of monasticism and create new religious order that would come to play as the foundation of Christian history. The pro of this type of reform was that: it revitalized the significance of monastic life. However, the cons of this type of reform outweigh the pros;

Tuesday, May 12, 2020

Vocabulary and Phrases Useful for Writing Business Letters

Business writing, whether it be letters or emails, has for most people become an almost daily practice. This sheet provides a detailed list of core vocabulary and phrases that are frequently used when writing business letters or business e-mails in English. It can be a valuable starting point for students who need to use English on an everyday basis for written business communications. If you are a teacher, you might find this specific English terminology and letter lingo useful as well. Oftentimes, these expressions are employed in very specific trade sectors, and thus the core vocabulary sheets go a long way in helping both the instructors and the students inform their formal written expressions. Opening / Greeting / Reply Messrsto the kind attention ofthe aim of this letterwe wish to inform you thatin reply to your letterfollowing your instructions Ending / Complimentary Close always at your serviceawaiting your replybest regardsour kindest regardsto look forward to / looking forward to an early replywe look forward to your kind replylooking forward to hearing from youwe remainwe thank you in advancewe would appreciate it if you could answerwe would appreciate your replyYours faithfully / sincerely (GB) Requests as per your requestas requestedplease allow usplease send usplease send us your instructionswould you please let us havewould you please let us knowyou orderedyou requestedyou sent us Time as soon as possibleat your convenienceat your earliest conveniencebefore the date we agreed uponin due time - in due courseon arrival of the goodson deliveryon receipt of the orderon short noticeon written requestshort-termto be lateto inform in due timewith two weeks noticewithout delaywithin the end of the month Send / Receive / Address / Notify inside addressoutside addresssender addressto notify in advance aboutto let someone know in advanceto reach the destinationto send under separate coverwe acknowledge receipt ofwe have receivedwe sent youwithout notice Letter letter opening - beginning of the letterletter heading - headingbody of the letterenclosure - attachmentcircular letterclaim - letter of complaintcovering letterfrom order receiptfurther to our letter - following our letterto return a letter to the senderthe letter remained unanswered Price / Payment as far as the payment is concernedas per invoiceat your expensehalf-pricein partial paymenton advanced paymentpayable in advanceprices are increasingto be in arrears with paymentsup to an amount of Goods / Items goods listed belowthe following itemsthe goods are available in our warehousethe goods are not similar to the samplethe goods are sold outthe goods arrived in good conditionsto make the goods availablewe hope well receive the goods soon Apology we apologize again forwe apologize forwe apologize for the delaywe apologize for the mistakewe are sorry to have towe are sorry to inform youwe must apologize for Regarding Something or Someone (to act) on behalf ofas far as Im concernedas per to the conditionsas followsdue to oversightherebyin compliance with - accordinglyin the absence ofon condition that - provided thatto refer toto correspond withto suit the quality - to meet the qualityto take into considerationthe matter in referencewith/in reference towith the compliments ofwithin which Meetings / Negotiations the meeting was canceledto fix an appointmentto stop negotiations Meet the Needs in case of needto meet a demandto meet customers requirements Attention our best attentionto pay the maximum attention to the matter Agreement as agreedto agree with Pleasure to have the pleasure toto be delighted to Sell / Order to sell at the bestto be overrun with ordersorder to be confirmed Decisions to come to a decisionto come to an agreement - to reach an agreement Samples similar to sample - up to samplecorrespond to the sampleto submit a sample Other Useful Expressions to be able toto be authorized toto be characterized byto be confident into be interested into be prepared to - to be willing to  to be held responsible forto be in difficultyto cope with the competitionto have the power to  in good conditionin our favorto our mutual benefitour offer is still open(with the) utmost carewith no obligation - without commitment

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Baseball vs. Football Free Essays

If you’re like most Americans, you probably have a favorite NFL team. You probably watch football games on TV and if you live in a city with an NFL team, you may shell out the cash to buy a game ticket to cheer them on. That is to say, no matter where you live, you almost certainly watch the Super Bowl, even if it’s just to check out the exciting commercials. We will write a custom essay sample on Baseball vs. Football or any similar topic only for you Order Now In fact, if you’re not wearing an NFL team logo hat, T-shirt, or jacket today, you’ll almost certainly run into someone who is. The NFL, it seems, has become an unavoidable presence in American culture. Although baseball is know as America’s favorite pastime, professional football is the country’s most popular sport, and has been since the 1960’s. According to Forbes Magazine, the NFL is economically the strongest sports organization in the world today. (Vogan, T. 2011) On the other hand, baseball legends like Babe Ruth, Willie Mays, and Roberto Clemente will always be remembered, especially for their outstanding accomplishments and remarkable sportsmanship. What happened to America’s favorite pastime sport? I grew up playing my favorite game baseball. I remember playing and dreaming of being one of my favorite players. I knew the stats of every player in the baseball league. In particularly, I loved going to the ball park, eating ball park franks, and watching my baseball hero’s play. This was the most exciting childhood memory for me. For this reason, I feel sorry for today’s children. They don’t know what it’s like to sit back and enjoy baseball, like it was back in those days. My greatest fear is that baseball is no longer America’s favorite game. What caused baseball to lose its popularity? It’s not easy to pinpoint. I can only speculate as to how this happened. For one thing, all the scandals, the controversy issues, and the trikes, fans have been disappointed by the unsportsmanlike conduct that resulted from this. The 1990 season bought major controversy. For example, Pete Rose was ruled ineligible for the hall of fame by major league baseball for gambling on games. Lets not forget about the Barry Bonds incident in 2007, that convicted him for the use of steroids in every vain of his body. Certainly, all of the steroid talk led other players down the same road. Players were randomly selected and busted on drug tests, the hitters in baseball have taken a backseat to the pitchers which no one wants to see. Another key point to why baseball is losing its swag, is because the ridiculous salaries paid to the players. USA today provided a detailed report, showing the total payroll for the New York Yankees. The payroll was at a whopping $202,689,025. The average salary for each player was $6,756. 300. (USA Today, 2011) Compared to the NFL New York Giants, total payroll was a mere $138,354,866 and averaged $2,470,622 per player. (USA Today, 2011) Consequently, this has caused a lot of controversy amongst the players, owners, and the league. Let’s talk reality, baseball owners are forking out a huge amount of money, to buy themselves a World Series. In my books you can’t buy a championship. To put it another way, NFL players must display a supreme test of strength and endurance. Unlike baseball, football has a high risk factor for injuries. When comparing the compensation of two sports, it appears the risk factor hasn’t been taken into consideration. In comparison to baseball, football has gained more popularity and amongst our generation today. In 2004 Gallup polls reported that, â€Å"64% percent of Americans identified themselves as football fans, 52% said they were baseball fans. (Isley. K, 2006 pg. 1) In the NFL, we see extremely talented NFL players. Day after day, these men go out and take a beaten. They earn the salary and gain the respect they deserve. You never hear the football league talking about strikes or walkouts. Of course, there are a few football players that embarrass the profession; but the numbers are a lot less noticeable. How many World Series can compare to the excitement of the last couple Super Bowls? The NFL has been able to make the Super Bowl not only exciting with the parity of the league, but they make it the most entertaining of all championship games. In Conclusion, in football we see talented players in the game, making less money then baseball players. They appear to be more loyal and genuine to the game of football. As a kid, I was huge fan of baseball, but I don’t love what it has become. Even though my heart will always be in baseball, I can honestly say that, â€Å"I’m a bigger football fan, at this time in my life†. It appears to be true that baseball is not nearly as popular any more as it once was. Clearly, baseball is not the favorite mass media sport anymore, and hasn’t been for the last 40 years. As television replaced radio as the preferred entertainment medium, football replaced baseball as the preferred sport to watch. References Keith, Isley (2006, August 18) Really? Is baseball less popular? Hard Ball Times, Retrieved from http://www.hardballtimes.com/main/article/really-is-baseball-less-popular/ USA Today. (2011) Salaries Databases. Retrieved from http://content.usatoday.com/sportsdata/baseball/mlb/salaries/team Vogan, Thomas. (2011, May 02,) Historians, storytellers, mythmakers: NFL films and pro football experience. Proquest Dissertation and Theses. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/862727108?accountid=87314 How to cite Baseball vs. Football, Papers

Sunday, May 3, 2020

Leadership for Traits - Characteristics and Motives-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theLeadership for Traits, Characteristics and Motives. Answer: Traits, characteristics and motives of Ellen DeGeneres One of the most important aspects that are needed for the proper wellbeing of the society is to have able leaders. Leaders must always try to break the challenges that are beset in front of the followers. It is the leader that the followers will always look upto and will try to get the advice that would help them for the future days. However in order to be able leaders, they must practice what they preach. Able leaders are those who will keep full faith in the ability of the followers and will help them at each and every step. Leaders must never make the improper usage of their power or position. They must always support and help their followers to grow and develop in their lives. A leader is one who will be able to be with their followers empathetically. In other words, a leader is one who will be able to support the employees morally. One such well-known leader is Ellen DeGeneres, who is known to have positive physical and moral qualities (Peltea 2015, p. 385). Ellen is popular among most of the people mainly because she is a good comedian, anchor and show host. It is important to note that these are not the only qualities that people usually look for in their role models. Ellen is an amazing leader who has been able to challenge all the age-old pre-defined norms and traits of the society (ellentube.com. 2018). Ellen has proudly challenged all the taboos of the society. She is very open about her sexual orientation and does not consider the LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender) community as an isolated group in the society (BBC News. 2018). She is a lesbian herself and she proudly supports and works for the welfare of many other men and women who are isolated by the society due to their sexual orientation. She has been taking part in many of the welfare shows so that she can collect enough money for the welfare of the community. She is the eldest of the four children in her family. Her family went through many hardships and she had to undertake many of the responsibilities. She has been assisting her siblings in many of the works and has been guiding them throughout (Notablebiographies.com. 2018). She says that right from her childhood she was having some of the other kinds of leadership qualities within herself (Rifon Jiang Kim 2016, p-125). Ellen DeGeneres is able to communicate and teach people in a way that is friendly, fun, engaging and easily understandable. As far as the behavioral leadership theory is concerned, Ellen is someone who is always concerned about people.She has done some of the most wonderful and amazing charity activities that have benefited people all over the world (Mayo Jr, J.B., 2015, P.79). Some of these works include the raising of funds for wildlife, giving grant to the Elementary school in Detroit and many other such examples. She and her wife, Portia De Rossi, have been actively participating in activities that help LGBT community lead normal lives in the society. Figure1: The Big Five Theory Ellen is very open to all. She is very light hearted and she never restrains herself from speaking to others. She is very easily approachable. She is very conscientious as well. She likes to be organized in each and every work that she undertakes. As she is a show host and a comedian, she definitely shows extraversion. In other words, she is very social, enjoyable, and talkative and can very well cope up with the social situations. She is very agreeable as she shows a good amount of patience and tolerance level. Ellen has been encouraging people to come forward and talk to her about their problems. Ellen however does not really show any signs of neuroticism as she doesnt get irritated easily. She knows how to deal with all her criticisms in a sarcastic and funny manner. She encourages people to speak for their own rights and embrace their originality. She wants all the people to know their own worth and to love themselves irrespective of their social status, gender, religion and othe r social barriers (Meyer 2015, p.348). Many people might have the thinking that no leaders can be so kindhearted and probably has some other personal interests or gains vested within them. However, Ellens kind and giving trait is definitely not because of such motives (ellentube.com. 2018). She goes beyond her ability to help people because she believes that a little act of kindness and compassion can make the world a better place to live in. She has raised funds and granted huge sum of money in order to support those people who are in need. According to in her show called The Ellen Show, she makes sure that she is lending financial support to those in need (Betterworldinternational.org 2018) A good example is when she gifted a huge amount of about $14,500 through gift cards and appliances to the Redlands Fire who had been very active in helping the victims in the great massacre that occurred in Sothern California (Clarendon 2018). Another example is that there was a huge fire that broke out and burned about 281000 acres. She is very much concerned with the animal welfare then and donated about $100000 to David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust (Rodgers and Scobie 2015). Ellen is also an active supporter of education and learning. She hopes thatstudents all around the world are equally educated. She has granted donations to schools trust boards so that the schools can be rebuilt and students will be able to get proper education. With Ellens donation grant of five lakh dollars, The Spain Elementary School in Detroit which was initially in a very bad condition without proper educational facilities and modern scientific technologies for learning, was reconstructed (Cooper Lawrence 2018). As per Ellens opinion, kindness must act as an inbuilt quality within each individual. Whatever she does is driven by her natural instincts. A leader is one who also maintains the social and the ethical responsibilities. It is evident from the fact that she does not only care about the needs of the poeple but also of animals that are neglected and in need of care. Her actions of donating and doing charity activities are not just only for her own country, but all across the world. She is always ready to extend her helping hands to all the people who are in need. (McNicholas Tyler 2017, p-316)All these activities make her the most admired role model. She is not only a show host or a comedian but also an amazing leader. A true leader is someone who will always inspire her followers. Ellen has always been inspiring to others and has never stepped back when she faced challenges. The charismatic theory of leadership is also associated with Ellen (Gillota 2015, p. 110).She possesses all the qualities of a charismatic leader. According to (Riffon et al. 2016, p.126), she is always committed to her goals, highly empathetic to people or things around her and very empowering towards others. People love her because she is very charismatic, humourous and light-hearted. She knows how to keep all her followers happy. One of the very important traits of a charismatic leader is that he or she has to be very envisioning in nature. In other words, she will have to create a vision for her followers to follow. For example, she paved the way for many others in LGBT community. It is known that the society has varying opinions about the LGBT community and what she has done was to make more people accept those in this community. However, Ellen not only supported the LGBT communitys interest but has also addressed those who have criticized her. She was once questioned on why she celebrates the fact that she is a lesbian. Ellen took this matter very lightly and spoke openly on her show saying that she does not even know the meaning of the statement celebrating lesbianism. She laughed it off and answered in a light-hearted manner that indeed she is a lesbian and she celebrates the fact that she is being her own self and is very contented (Meyer, 2015, p.348).She also spoke with Senator John McCain and talked about the rights of the LGBT people in terms of marriages. She is of the belief that there must not be any differentiation among people based on whom they want to get married to (Antonakiset al. 2014, p. 748).People in the LGBT community are the same in all the aspects just like many other people and there is nothing different(Iannucci 2008). All these actions of Ellen show that she is a transformational leader. She tries her best to create a change or a transformation in the lives of all those who are in need(Marstand et al. 2017, p. 419). She motivates people all around the world to not give up under any situations or circumstances. She wants to train and motivate the youth of the country by educating them. Transformational leaders are those who will be empathetic towards their followers and will look after the needs of each and every one of them as long as they are able to. Ellen does just the same. She cannot keep herself calm whenever she gets to know that someone is in need of help (Zebua et al. 2017, p. 102) It can be concluded that the qualities that are required to become an ideal leader are present within Ellen. She believes herself to be a born leader because right from her childhood she has the natural instinct of helping people with all the possible resources she can get. She is a charismatic and transformational leader as well because she is sets proper vision for her followers. Ellen is also a good coach. She makes sure that she is able to support, train and make people work towards goals for the common good. She is a great motivator who motivates people with her humorous, light-hearted and inspirational speeches. Reference Antonakis, J House, R 2014, Instrumental leadership: Measurement and extension of transformationaltransactional leadership theory,The Leadership Quarterly,vol. 25, no. 4, pp.746-771. Bardoel, E.A., Pettit, T.M., De Cieri, H. and McMillan, L., 2014. Employee resilience: an emerging challenge for HRM.Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources,52(3), pp.279-297. BBC News. 2018.Obama hails Ellen's 'incredible burden'. [online] Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-38073567 [Accessed 28 Mar. 2018]. Betterworldinternational.org 2018.How Ellen DeGeneres is Making the World a Better Place. [online] Available at: https://www.betterworldinternational.org/blog/ellen-degeneres-making-world-better-place/ [Accessed 28 Mar. 2018]. Clarendon, D. 2018.7 Times The Ellen Shows Kindness And Charity Warmed Our Hearts. [online] A Plus. Available at: https://aplus.com/a/ellen-degeneres-show-acts-of-kindness-charity-donation?no_monetization=true [Accessed 28 Mar. 2018]. Cooper Lawrence, S. 2018.We should all try to be as generous as Ellen DeGeneres. [online] SheKnows. Available at: https://www.sheknows.com/entertainment/articles/1108319/times-ellen-degeneres-charitable-giving-changed-lives [Accessed 28 Mar. 2018]. ellentube.com. 2018.Ellen Pompeo Raises Money For The Ellen DeGeneres Wildlife Fund. [online] Available at: https://www.ellentube.com/article/ellen-pompeo-raises-money-for-the-ellen-degeneres-wildlife-fund.html [Accessed 28 Mar. 2018]. Gillota, D 2015, Stand?Up Nation: Humor and American Identity,The Journal of American Culture,vol. 38, no. 2, pp.102-112. Iannucci, L., 2008.Ellen DeGeneres: A Biography: A Biography. ABC-CLIO. Marstand, A, Martin, R Epitropaki, O 2017, Complementary person-supervisor fit: An investigation of supplies-values (SV) fit, leader-member exchange (LMX) and work outcomes,The Leadership Quarterly,vol. 28, no. 3, pp.418-437. Mayo Jr, J.B., 2015. Youth work in gay straight alliances: Curriculum, pedagogy, and activist development.Child Youth Services,36(1), pp.79-93. McNicholas, K Tyler, I 2017, Lesbian brides: post-queer popular culture,Feminist Media Studies,vol. 17, no. 3, pp.315-331. Meyer, E.J., 2015, October. The personal is political: LGBTQ education research and policy since 1993. InThe Educational Forum(Vol. 79, No. 4, pp. 347-352). Routledge. Notablebiographies.com. 2018.Ellen DeGeneres Biography - life, childhood, parents, story, history, school, mother, young, book, old, information, born. [online] Available at: https://www.notablebiographies.com/news/Ca-Ge/DeGeneres-Ellen.html [Accessed 28 Mar. 2018]. Peltea, B 2015, Impact of change in social representations regarding gender roles and its reflection in motion pictures,Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences,vol. 187, pp. 384-389. Rifon, N, Jiang, M Kim, S 2016, Dont hate me because I am beautiful: Identifying the relative influence of celebrity attractiveness and character traits on credibility, Advances in Advertising Research, Vol. 6,pp. 125-134. Rodgers, K. and Scobie, W., 2015. Sealfies, seals and celebs: expressions of Inuit resilience in the Twitter era.Interface: A Journal on Social Movements,7(1), pp.70-97. Tracy, K., 2015.Diana Rigg: The Biography. BenBella Books, Inc.. Zebua, E, Rukmini, D Saleh, M 2017, The Violation and Flouting of Cooperative Principles in the Ellen Degeneres Talk Show,Language Circle: Journal of Language and Literature,vol. 12, no. 1, pp.103-113.

Wednesday, March 25, 2020

Culture Shock Essays (1291 words) - Culture, Sociology Of Culture

Culture Shock The United States of America is a country in which many people from all over the world comes to live harmoniously with each other. Unlike Canada, which is a multicultural country, it is a melting pot since each person brings his peculiarity to enrich the culture of this country. But this melting process is not always without pain or hurt. I felt the life in Canada is more comfortable According to John J. Macionis, the author of Sociology, secondary Canadian edition. Culture shock is a state of bewilderment, anxiety, disorientation and distress as an individual suddenly exposed to a social or cultural environment radically different from his own. It happens frequently for the international students and immigrants. Culture conflicts appear not only when students come to school and learn new ways of living there, but also when they come back home and live with their own families or their own societies. The reason for that is the students are young and easy to change, but the adults are not ready to follow their example and adapt to the new situation. When I first come to live in the states, my system of values must change in order for me to survive. When I first came to the states, I was unprepared to live there, that's why I always suffer from stress because of culture shock. I feel that student-teacher relationships in North American are not the same as they were in Hong Kong. Hong Kong students often have high regard for their teachers. In Hong Kong, students never call their teacher by their first name, because it is not respectful to the teacher. Also, they hesitate to ask or to answer questions in class because they don't want to lose their face in showing their ignorance in front of the class, and sometimes because their English is not good enough to form a clear question. And if they give the wrong answer it not only humiliates them but also brings shame on their families. Hong Kong students were taught to be modest and not to display their knowledge freely until being specially called for. All these things can lead to misunderstanding since my teachers thought that I was too shy, or stupid, or abnormal. Sometimes when b eing directly asked for some questions, unlike American students, which are more creative and can always give a fast answer, I have to take a long time to think the question over, because I was afraid to give the incorrect answer. Teachers often feel uncomfortable with my silence and tend to interpret my silence as an indicator of my inability to answer a question. It's a normal thing that American teachers expect Asian students to ask them to explain something difficult. However, Hong Kong students don't do this as we have seen earlier. Moreover, their feedback sometimes leads to more misunderstanding. When teachers see their students listen to them in smiling or in head nodding, they imagine that these students understand the subject very well. In reality, some students mask their emotions and just act like that to be polite, since they think that if they would ask question, the teachers would be hurt for their teaching was not clear enough for the class. I was having low expectat ion from the teacher at that time and that affects my learning. I was stressed and felt disorientation all the time in school. Many teachers do not treat their minority learners as intelligent students, and perhaps as a result, their minority students fail in their classes (Scarcella, 139). In Hong Kong, students stay in the same classroom with a fixed seat everyday in a same year while their teachers come to their class to teach them. Therefore, students can have many friends who always do the same things with them. This helped to build a more close and stable relationship between students. Students are more interdependent. What are important is not me but we. In America, the people are more individualistic. People only pursue their own personal achievement and fulfillment. Relationships between people are often many but temporary or casual. I felt people only care about themselves and I felt that they are very selfish. At that time

Friday, March 6, 2020

Exam over the history of Reform and Power of the Elites essays

Exam over the history of Reform and Power of the Elites essays American people hear about reform and ideas surrounding reform every election year. Americans around election time begin to hear new policies that an elected candidate would like to enact or reforms that they will pass when in power. These reforms are made to seem like the key to a brighter tomorrow for everyone. Americans begin to live with a new hope, that this one person will get elected and in taking office make dreams come true. In most cases the reforms that the politicians speak of are thrown by the waste side even if they are elected, and when they are enacted they usually fail to satisfy the American people. When one examines reforms that have come about since the 1930s one can see many trends in American desires and how they were are were not met when reforms are set into motion by the government. When speaking of reform in government it is necessary to examine the New Deal set into motion by Roosevelt. Roosevelt enacted a whirlwind of political reform with the hopes of picking America out of unemployment and depression. His aid to the economy, to the jobless, to the farms followed quickly after his election. The New Deals first act was the Emergency Banking Act established on March 9th 1933, six more were to immediately follow. The acts provided funds for farmers, jobs for the unemployed youth, and relief for the impoverished. With this being said, one would think that the new deal programs were among the most popular reforms to date. This was not the entire case. Some programs such as the Civilian Conservation Corps won wide popularity, others did not. Those farmers that did not have much land did not qualify for atonement offered to the larger field farmers. Business reform was also met with numerous conflicts; those in power companies did not want to suffer with increas ed competition and fought New Deal reforms. Moving form the 30s to the 60s is a jump in time but the number of reforms ena...

Wednesday, February 19, 2020

Quantitative Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Quantitative Analysis - Research Paper Example of taste and preferences, time of the year, and economic changes among other factors and an understanding of occurrence of such seasonal factors and their effects on equilibrium price is necessary and is recommended. Times series analysis allows for identification of effects of trend and seasonality, that can then be separated in forecasting optimal price and is therefore necessary for effective planning and goal setting. Forecasted seasonality and trend informs on expected changes in optimal prices that can be used to retain customers and even attract new customers for a competitive market share. The analysis, based on an organization’s data or that of the industry’s average and the following equation, can forecast daily or weekly prices for unit commodities that the restaurant could sell. Comparative analysis of cost and revenues is another recommended quantitative best practice for the business. Two approaches inform profit maximization and their understanding and use in the business will ensure optimal profitability. The difference between total cost and total revenue defines obtained profits and can be used to define profitability (Korrapati, 2014). Understanding the maximum level profit that an entity can achieve is more important for efficient resource utilization and this identifies the concept of marginal returns. Profit is maximized when marginal cost equals marginal revenues. Data analysis on difference between unit cost of a product and its unit price is therefore necessary for understanding the point of equality. This, however, relies on other practices such as optimal pricing that could use time series and cost accounting into determination of unit cost. The following mathematical equation expresses to optimization point. The mathematical approach can also inform decisions on optimal prices given cost and production capacity. A restaurant has such capacity limitation to space and number of seats in the restaurant and with a known optimal number

Tuesday, February 4, 2020

The Euro Debt Crisis and Consequences for the Developing Nations Essay

The Euro Debt Crisis and Consequences for the Developing Nations - Essay Example As an important trading block, there is no doubt that effects have already been spread elsewhere, with the developing nations having a share of the crisis. Accordingly, the global growth momentum is projected to slow down by more than one percent between the year 2010 and 2012 (IMF 8). Unemployment within the Euro zone is degenerating and surging upwards. In fact, the UK has registered a new level high in 17 years. Growth prospects are not any better in the United States with the Senate blocking Obama’s jobs bill. The euro has lost substantial ground against the dollar, whereas the Chinese Yuan has been gaining ground, a fact that has prompted the US to threaten China with trade sanctions, unless they devalue their currency. Do the less developed nations have anything to worry concerning the Euro crisis? Through what transmission mechanism could the developing nations experience the Euro zone debt crisis effects? While Germany and the UK are taking the lead in steering the Eur o zone towards a complete makeover with seemingly harsh austerity measures, especially to countries believed to be the architects of the crisis, developing countries are yet to feel the pinch of the crisis. As witnessed in the degenerative effects of the global financial crisis, the less developed nations were not hit hard mostly due to their limited financial integration with the world economy. Even though the effects delayed mostly in African countries, trade ties, capital flows, tourism, remittances from abroad, and foreign aid among other channels eventually led to a significant slowdown in these economies. Just as it was with the global financial crisis, the euro debt crisis is likely to affect the less developed nation through three main transmis ­sion channels: financial networks, fiscal consolidation within the European nations currently struggling to overcome the crisis, and through the exchange rate. While the austerity measures as well the rescue package released that h as seen a combined effort of the IMF to that of the EU are timely and may be effective, it is very unlikely that the measures will offset the impact of the crisis on European economies within a record time frame as may be envisioned by many economists (Mhango par 1). From the fiscal measures that are already being adopted in unison, the possibility that the Europe nations are headed for a slow growth phase is very likely. The immediate and direct impacts of such measure are set to become more pronounced in trade links (Kandiero and Ndikumana par 4). As shown in the diagram below, it is evident that many developing nations, mostly Africans, are dependent on the European markets. The effects of European debt crisis could also reach the developing nations through sovereign risks, arising from the declines in tax revenues. This would potentially increase the costs of borrowing due to changes in risk premiums. In particular, those countries with high fiscal deficits are relatively expose d to the risk of re-pricing of risk premiums. Already the effects are being felt in certain countries that utterly depend on exports as income generating component of their economies. The crisis is slowly cutting down demand for exports from Africa. The effect that this has will translate in difficulties of these countries in maintaining planned levels off public expenditures including infrastructural

Monday, January 27, 2020

African Americans History As Slaves And Contemporary Poverty History Essay

African Americans History As Slaves And Contemporary Poverty History Essay It is often argued that the main cause of Africas poverty rates is mainly related to the lack of pro-growth derived from either the colonial system or the period of slavery. (Jerven, p.77) This argument has recently been applied to the United States social scene in order to explain the existent and continuing problems of income and economic inequality especially within the African American race. In fact, the phenomenon is so troubling that several campaigns have been recently launched to combat the problem. Among these is the Campaign to Reduce Poverty in America whose aim is to accomplish a decrease of 50% in poverty rates by 2020. (Catholic Charities USA) The problem of poverty is thus present and confirmed in the high rates of unemployment, the social disparities and the various and different attempts to deal with the problem whether by private, religious or governmental organizations. However, what is especially interesting to analyze further in this discussion are the causes of this social and economic problem. The origins of poverty are for example drawn upon by Gunja SenGupta in his book From Slavery to Poverty: The Racial Origins of Welfare in New York, 1840-1918, in which he argues that the historic roots of the problem run deeper than the present which consequentially implies the need to reflect on historic events that could be a determinant and influential factor in the continuance of contemporary social dilemmas. (NYU Press) This author is not the only person who perceived a link between poverty and historical problems such as slavery. In fact, although slavery was abolished over a hundred and forty years ago many people believe that the enslavement of humans has continued in the less direct but similarly hash and cruel form of poverty; a belief that challenges the notions of slavery itself. In short, the current problem of African American poverty is intrinsically related to the long history of subjugation, oppression and racial segregation that we re in their turn caused by the slavery system. Poverty is indeed a reality in America, a country that is considered to be among the richest and most progressed nations in the world. According to the US Census Bureau, 35.9 million people live below the poverty line in America, a number that includes also around 12.9 million children. The statistics are in fact shocking when gathered together. For example, according to the Bread for the World Institute, 3.5% of U.S households experience hunger which means that some members within these families skip meals or eat less than required to sustain a healthy lifestyle. (Siddiqi) The facts are more troubling when applied to the African American community. In a country where 12 percent of the population is black it is also noted that approximately a quarter of African Americans are classified as poor, a problem that has been part of the American social scene for many years. Poverty is thus very common among the members of this particular race. Poverty among African Americans is deeply conne cted to many issues among which is the lack of proper education that many African American children still do not receive. This decreases the chances of good employment and increases the possibility of experiencing poverty. There are other reasons through which to understand the problem of poverty among African Americans. However, what is interesting to reflect on further is the relationship between these high rates of poverty among African Americans and the problems of race and inequality that are still found socially and do impact the quality of life of the blacks in America. As Jonathan Alter, a writer for Newsweek, pointed out: Poverty is caused by a tangle of financial and personal pain that often goes beyond insufficient resources and lack of training, wage stagnation, social isolation, and a more subtle form of class-based racism. (Green) This quote affirms the existence of deeper rooted cause as an explanation of African American poverty. The link between racism and lesser op portunities and chances to advance are clear and hardly require any further elaboration. Since racism is related to the institutionalized system of slavery it is hence important to draw further on the significance of this system in the continued existence of poverty among African Americans. One of the most famous statements in the Declaration of Independence that has come to be part of what being an American means is: We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. This sentence is one that stipulates the basic human rights of every American citizen which is freedom, equality, safety and equal chances to realize their dreams of economic prosperity. This sentence has been quoted during the era of the Civil War and the Civil Rights movements to argue against the injustice of slavery that the black people were subjected to. However, equality for all was never part of the social reality even after the abolition of slavery. The perception of white people regarding the blacks was one of superiority that minimized and trivialized the importance of any contribution that could be possibly made by African Americans. For this reason, blacks were denied the same education opportunities as white people which only added to the poverty rates. The fact is that African Americans still lag behind in education attainment compared to white or other minority groups such as Asian Americans. African Americans attend college at half the rate of white citizens. (Kozol, p.26) The historic problem of segregation is deeply linked to these current statistics. Since education empowers an individual to compete in the work force it is hence evident why over a quarter of African Americans continue to experience poverty. Slavery expanded quickly from the time of is introduction until the beginning of the Civil War that lasted from 1861 to 1865. By the time the war started, nearly 4 million slaves were part of the southern society. Their work was diverse but was founded mainly on the principle of sustaining and enhancing the agricultural economy. They picked or planted cotton. Some other blacks worked within the house. There were slaves trained in the art of blacksmiths or carpentry among others. Slavery was a diverse system that was spread across different sectors of society in the South. Yet, what all types of work had in common is the deprivation of all black people from their rights of choice and ability to earn anything dignifying, materialistically or emotionally, from their work. Slavery is one of the most well-documented, well-known yet not most pride igniting phases of American history. It has effectively managed to leave its impacts on society, racial integration and ethnic tolerance throughout the centuries since its abolishment and up to the present day. African Americans were enslaved for centuries beginning with the time the United States came into existence in the 17th century until after the Civil War when slavery was officially declared to be unconstitutional. The War itself was mainly caused as a result of the differences in opinion about the issue between the Northern states, the abolitionists, and the Southern states, that depended on the slave system for the maintenance and growth of their agricultural economy. The history of slavery in the United States is however more complicated than a simple time line can serve to shed light on. The institution did not simply start for one obvious reason at one specific time and the same thing can be said ab out the way it came to an end after the Civil War. Though the wars purpose was the liberation of slaves and the provision of equal rights for all, slavery did not stop right after the war and continued to be part of the social picture, though to a lesser extent, especially in certain Southern regions. Southern states did especially not desire to completely eliminate the institution of slavery, which was an integral part of their economy, leading with that to the development of a complicated pattern in how the issue came to be dealt with right before, during and after the Civil War. All this implies that slavery was based on the exploitation of individuals for profit; an aspect of the system that served to dehumanize the black population to grave extents. This dehumanizing dimension of slavery served to complicate the integration of African Americans and led to problems of racism and deep-rooted rejection of their integration in American society. This rejection has on the other hand impacted the economic conditions of the blacks as it extended over all areas of life including work and education. It is no secret that there was a sharp division historically between the Southern and Northern states about the subject of slavery. What is however pertinent in this fact is its application to the economic conditions of blacks in the North versus the South during the 19th century. Racism was more prevalent in the South where many states refused to loosen their harsh racial policies that restricted African Americans to working mainly working in the fields. Though racism was also present in the northern states it was less severe and allowed the black population the opportunity to prosper culturally and intellectually; a growth that is for example evident in the Harlem Renaissance. However, despite these periods of flourishing, the history of African Americans is especially characterized by inequality; an inequality whose main cause is directly related to the centuries of enslavement. As noted before, racism is one of the main causes of the continued economic disadvantage of many Africa n Americans. When slavery was ended, notions as natural rights were socially introduced and impacted the perception of blacks of their own role in society. Blacks started becoming aware of the extremely suffocating environment that they were part of and which desperately attempted to keep them in the dark about their rights a human beings and citizens of a nation based on the principles of equality for all. (Mcpherson, p.39) It are these aspects and perceptions of oppression, cruelty and savageness of treatment for the mere promotion of selfish economical gain that continue to generate feelings of freedom and oppression which has managed , and continues, to make the greatest difference nowadays in the interaction of black and white people. Though theoretically slaves were no longer slaves after the Civil War, they continued to be treated as an extremely inferior race. This was of course different from area to another. In the south, ex-slaves were treated with the same attitude as before the Civil War while in northern states, where the bitterness was more directed towards white southern Americans rather than African-Americans, ex-slaves were treated better than slaves yet not fully as citizens. Emancipation had become a reality with the end of the war but it remains obvious that the place of African-Americans in society was far from being either resolved or clear. The questions that arose consequentially about race served to define the discourse and the relationships between the two different races and are still traceable in the many sensitive taboos that characterize certain racial subjects and words. In the aftermath of the Civil War, practical problems arose in the south in regard to the manner of integrating slaves within society. Whether the freedmen ought to be regarded as citizen and be granted rights as the ability to possess property was central to the debate. Voting rights were another concern as they gave significant importance to the freedmen enabling them to contribute and impact society and their level of prosperity within it. The most important question of all seemed however to revolve around the possibility or impossibility of the peaceful co-existence of blacks and whites together which is a question history has managed to answer so far. (Tallant, p.5) The rise of intolerance, the problem of segregation and the prevention of blacks from voicing their economic or political needs through the democratic voting system have all led to the enhancement of sentiments of antagonism among both sides which led to the blacks desire to create their own defensive and distinct identity that was at the core resentful of white peoples influence, and led the white population to adopt on the other hand a segregated and superior outlook. This shows how the history of slavery and the subsequent rise of the problems of racism distanced the two groups from interacting and mutually benefitting from the same opportunities. In short, because of slavery and racism many blacks did not and do not get the chance to benefit from the same opportunities as white people which complicates the chances of finding a good job later on and increases as a result the chances of poverty. Blacks continued to work mostly on lands owned by white farmers due to the aforementioned complications that arose when they desired to purchase a piece of land for themselves. Neither the federal government nor the local people seemed to support that and the final choice they were left with in the post war era was to keep working for the white planters. There was of course a difference in the way they lived compared to the period before the war. The freedmen exercised now more control over their lives and could not be treated with the same inhumanity as before. They did not have to work before sunrise and continue until after sunset. They could determine their workload more favorably compared to their previous working conditions. They could also determine whom of their family members they wished to be part of the plantation work. Previously, their children were forced at an early age to do the work and this could be prevented with the choices they had after he Civil War. This does o f course not mean that the situation changed dramatically to the better including complete freedom and equal rights. To claim that is to dismiss the fundamental aspect about social change: it happens gradually. The living conditions had simply significantly improved from the completely intolerable to the harsh and challenging. Overcoming the social challenges caused by their racial status proved to be a long and trying process that spanned over many years and continues until the present day in the form of the continued attempt to decrease the problems of the black community such as a high level of crime, poverty and a lower rate of educational degrees among the youth. The fact is that blacks have been perceived to be inferior for a long time in America which is a prejudice that affected the opportunities available for this particular race and hence impacted their current economic social position. It is thus undeniable that slavery had an extremely malignant and negative influence on the development of African- American culture and identity. Being regarded as an inferior race, especially in the South where the idea was the main justification provided to legitimize the slavery institution, was detrimental to the enhancement of any sense of pride in ones heritage. The change towards that began only slowly. The way they were treated, the destruction of any sense of belonging and attachment to their African heritage during the years of enslavement, the restriction of simple communication between slaves are all facets of slavery that significantly influenced the emancipation process and the development of the African-American culture in addition to complicating the nature of relationships and the form of interaction between whites and blacks. Slavery disrupted thus the sense of belonging to the African heritage and led to the emergence of a defensive attitude among blacks. Even aft er emancipation, slavery continued to play a role on African Americans future and chances of progress. This is evident in the themes of their music and art whether written or visual. These themes deal often with the idea of social inequality, oppression and economic disadvantage as a direct consequence of racial history. Slavery made blacks without doubt socially disadvantaged and led to the subsequent rise of the Civil Rights Movement in the 20th century. The racism and harassment that African Americans have had to deal with is still part of the races consciousness until the present day. This is nowhere signified but in the multitude of subjects that continue to rise a sense of sensitivity when brought up. It is thus no exaggeration to conclude that slavery has left a tremendous impact on the African-Americans as a whole. The resolution of such a problem had to be done, and continues to be struggled with, over the period of two centuries. Overcoming the past completely has proven t o be impossible. The history of enslavement is part of what defines every African-American up to the present despite many peoples refusal to admit this. Though most blacks do not reflect on the period of enslavement, the impacts of it, in the form of social disadvantages still experienced through work and educational chances, are not easily dismissible and serve as a harsh reminder.(Healey, p.175) The removal of their culture, the limitation of their freedom, the oppression of their most fundamental basic rights for centuries, and the final negative development of social distinctions between blacks and whites in the period after emancipation, have all managed to impact the culture the African-American ethnic group has since then created a culture whose characteristics include for example less favorable economic conditions for millions of African Americans. Slavery has thus proven to be a very powerful institution whose impacts are hard to erase. The discussion of poverty among African Americans in the present day is thus incomplete without an analysis of their historic journey that is characterized by a long period of oppression and segregation which impacted both white and black peoples attitude towards the other race. The fact that millions of African Americans live in poverty is hardly a random fact but is deeply rooted in the historical experience of this race. The historical experience of African Americans has already been drawn upon in detail. What merits however further analysis is the consequent question that rises in regard to the future. If slavery and the long history of racism and unequal opportunities in education and work, are among the main factors in the current high rates of poverty among African Americans then what is the solution? Does this conclusion imply that African Americans are destined for poverty? Regardless of the present and continued rates of poverty and inequality, it is undeniable to note that African Americans went through different stages of progress that were not as successful or as fast as desired at all times but made the necessary advancement that enabled the country to be led by a black president for the first time in the countrys history. What was essential to the assurance of advancement was persistence and endurance, two characteristics of the African American long struggle for rights as freedom, dignity, respect and equality. The period from 1976 until the present marked the growing representation of African Americans in politics, arts and entertainment and academic disciplines among others. The larger opportunities enabled African Americans to be elected to legislative positions and work in the executive and judicial branch. This does clearly not mean that the situation is ideal in the present. Regardless of the election of the first black president and the in creasing influence of this race in the United States, full equality is still a subject of heated debate and controversy. As noted, many African Americans continue to live in poverty and the ruling elite of the US is still predominantly white. While school segregation is officially over, facts point to the dominance of the continuance of the phenomenon in several public white schools where the presentation of white student exceeds 99%. (essay-911.com) However, regardless of these points that affirm the need for more progress despite the positive accomplishments obtained, the fact is that African Americans have endured a long history of oppression, pain and segregation and managed to rise above the many challenges to their current position. While the present situation requires progress advancement has been and will continue to be made while racial tension will continue to decrease. Affirming that the black race is destined for poverty seems therefore to be an implausible and pessimist ic outlook on the future and history alike. In conclusion, the history of African Americans has thus been long and complex in the United States. It is this experience that led to the formation of the present African American identity with all that that encompasses in terms of culture, art and literature. As mentioned before, blacks were largely denied opportunities for education and personal advancement until after the Civil Rights Movement. The fact that many blacks live still in poverty does however not mean that this movement was unsuccessful or that no advancement has been achieved. Continuous social change needs to be still made since the rates of unemployment among blacks compared to whites is relatively the same as it was in the early 1960s. Employment opportunities are still hard to obtain for black men while neighborhood segregation is still present in many areas in the United States. Research confirms also that blacks continue to be victims in the real estate market. (Friedlander) This all proves that blacks are stil l socially disadvantaged. However, as has been noted, racial segregation in public has been ended and more African Americans have come to contribute in elective politics signifying the slow but existent rise of this race from the dark impacts of slavery.

Saturday, January 18, 2020

Effects of Migration Into Cities

The effects of moving into a new city or town Today everybody is going in the glamorous world of cities where one can progress and make the best use of his or her life. Parents†¦.. Listen to their talks with their children. They say that my son or daughter will settle or go to abroad one day. And with this they start imagining and forcing their child to get highest degree and run away from where they are. Each parent today has this mentality that there is heaven like something in abroad and much else. There are many such examples to discuss. But for now one is enough I think.In terms of living a life in a new city there are many possibilities of advantages as well as disadvantages as can be seen in education, employment and settlement point of view. These three things can be much better improved in a city where there is much scope to put a step forward towards his or her aim. In a city each one who is settled there has only one intention to earn a gallon of paper notes and coins and live a luxurious and easy way of life. This luxurious life is expected by all people. But there is something called feeling of attachment.There is an attachment towards his or her native place. One cannot forget his or her childhood days or their neighbours and the love between them. Emotions are not allowed in a city or the town. Today since all the places are becoming industrialized there is no space for emotions but only profit. And because of this all the people are running after them. There is a great effect on especially the country. Since all the citizens are settled in abroad and the income they earn is of no use to the country, the country’s economic status lowers as compared to other countries.The newer generation is no longer staying in their native country specially India. India is full of corruption, they say. But it is not so. If the abroad based thinkers try, the situation can be changed. The major disadvantage of moving to a new city is the loss of attach ment to the native place and their neighbours. From birth we are attached to our villages or town, its nature, its culture and its people. But as we move to a new area, far from ours, we cannot accept its culture and people very easily. We cannot adjust there due to our unforgettable habits with our ulture. As we move to a new city, we have to accept the people, the culture, and their behaviors and accordingly we have to adjust. But it is not so easy. Since the people are keenly interested in earning money and luxurious life they are ready to do anything for this. According to me, I can’t accept the concept of moving to a new place permanently. Because it affects our native place or country. Earlier during the British rule all the intelligent brains of India were sent out to England or the other countries out of India.So that the foreign countries would progress better in terms of technology. But with this, India had to suffer in its progression. Today after British rule is n o longer still their mentality always exists in each Indian that to go to abroad but not to stay here in India. The aim of writing this article is to aware the people of not to go to abroad but it is better and much better to stay in your own country and sacrifice your talents to your people and their future. – Prachiti Ganpule SYBA, St. Xavier’s college, Mapusa Goa

Friday, January 10, 2020

Checkpoint: Management Structures Essay

You manage a counseling center that services victims of domestic abuse. Your organization is happy to have you on board and trusts your decisions. Due to an increase in demand for services in your area, your center will be increasing the number of employees by 100%. Your employer asks you to participate in an expansion plan. Your task is to research possible organizational structures that best suit the needs of your clients and your organization. I think that our services for domestic abuse patients should be split into different departments for several reasons. Departments make people focus on only the work that is assigned to them, like getting people to the Human Services help for a first step, then sending them into counseling, and finally getting them rehabilitated and out of the system. Other approaches to department and service areas exist, like having a north segment and a west segment to divide responsibilities. The major disadvantage to departmental division is that you might lose track of a client, or just lose contact with them when they move out of your department. People who need these human services need extra individual attention, not a rabble of people that they have to talk to while they get help. The situation is almost the same for a matrix organization. Yes, it is more efficient to have several people working in one area, but the client will not get particular help from one person, which is important for these clients. I truly believe that Human Service work should be leading in a transformational style. I think that, for us, the Project Team model is the best way to organize our services. This model is the best one because a group of people works together to accomplish particular things for their client. They all communicate inter-group, and therefore everyone gets better at helping clients. One problem with this model is that team members might start to discuss their client in a way that would break confidentiality laws. A collegial model is another approach, and it raises understanding because employees report their affairs to you, which keeps people enthusiastic about their tasks. This way is also an option, but I think that it might lead to employees doing things only to please a manager.

Thursday, January 2, 2020

Speech Speech And Debilitate - 2810 Words

Speech and debilitate I am afraid of many things; I fear heights, large crowds, death even fucking moths, all of which I have justifiable reasons for but my biggest fear the fear of public speaking is nonsensical. I know it is a ridiculous fear there is no inherent danger involved in speaking publicly it’s no different from a personal conversation just louder but for some reason I can’t get over it and trust me I’ve tried. In my senior year of high school, I was given a throw away assignment something the teachers used to fill the time. My English teacher Mrs.Woods had every student pick one song and describe examples of rhyme, simile and metaphor used. It was a simple assignment something a fifth grader could do with ease. The only problem for me was that we had to do it in front of the entire class. At the time I was by no means shy, I considered myself a master of small talk (whop dee doo), easily able to strike up conversation with any of my peers. So you wou ld think that public speaking would come just as naturally. I thought so, I really hadn’t experience the fear beforehand. So when it was my turn to present my ingenious findings on the use of figurative language use in Elton Johns â€Å"Candle in the wind† I was confident. I stood up from my seat smiling, walked up to the chalk board in my blue baggy jeans and XL t-shirt and opened my mouth only to find the sound of silence. What just happened? My throat tensed up, my mouth was suddenly dry and my body was unstable. IShow MoreRelatedThe Public Good Be Damned, By Hank Rearden1352 Words   |  6 Pagesoutreach in his Radio Speech, he and the looter’s will go to the most extreme lengths to banish any sense of reality. They castrate the only person that can save them, and in the process castrate themselves. Even when Government regulations become more oppressive, Rearden himself cannot support his family; yet they still expect him to do something â€Å"somehowâ₠¬ . 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